E-mu SP-12 (1985–1987)
A sampling drum machine and 8-voice digital sampler from E-mu Systems with 12-bit resolution and analog filtering.
Overview
The E-mu SP-12 is a digital drum machine and sampler produced by E-mu Systems. Announced in 1985 and manufactured from 1985 to 1987, it combines programmable rhythm sequencing with onboard 12-bit sampling. It features 8-voice polyphony and was designed to offer user sampling in a performance-oriented format. The SP-12 is recognized as a precursor to the iconic SP-1200 and influenced the development of later MPC series samplers. It was originally priced at $2,745 USD.
Specifications
| Polyphony | 8 voice |
| Sampling | 12-bit sampling |
| Sample Rate | 27.500 kHz |
| Filter | Analog SSM2044 low-pass filter (4-pole, voltage-controlled) |
| Connectivity | MIDI connectivity |
Design
The SP-12 integrates programmable rhythm sequencing with 12-bit user sampling, using analog SSM2044 low-pass filters to shape the sound. It was designed to provide a hands-on sampling and sequencing experience for musicians.
Context
The SP-12 paved the way for the E-mu SP-1200 and Akai MPC series. It is considered a spiritual predecessor to these influential sampling workstations and remains notable in the hip hop scene for its distinctive sonic character.
Market
A known issue with the SP-12 is the memory battery failure, often requiring replacement to retain user samples and settings. Replacement 3V 2-pin memory backup batteries are available, and some units have been upgraded for user-replaceable batteries. On the used market, working units have sold for around $3,000.
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