EXAKTA VAREX IIB

Name: Exakta Varex IIb
Brand: Exakta

The Exakta Varex IIb is the final iteration of the East German Exakta 35mm single-lens reflex (SLR) camera line, produced between 1963 and 1967. It represents the culmination of decades of mechanical innovation from VEB Zeiss Ikon Dresden, combining robust engineering with advanced features for its time, including a removable pentaprism and interchangeable focusing screens.

Overview

The Exakta Varex IIb was introduced as the definitive model in the Varex series, succeeding the Varex and Varex Ia/Ib models. Manufactured in Dresden, East Germany, during a period of increasing competition from Japanese SLRs, the Varex IIb was engineered to maintain Exakta’s reputation for precision and modularity. It was targeted at professional photographers and advanced amateurs who valued mechanical reliability, system expandability, and high-quality optics. The camera retained the classic Exakta bayonet lens mount (Exakta BX) and introduced refinements in shutter mechanism, viewfinder system, and flash synchronization.

One of the Varex IIb’s defining characteristics was its fully removable pentaprism, which could be replaced with alternative viewfinder assemblies such as waist-level finders or specialized prisms—offering unparalleled flexibility in composition and shooting orientation. This modular design philosophy was a hallmark of Exakta’s engineering ethos and distinguished it from many contemporaries. The camera also featured a rapid-return mirror, a self-timer lever, and a flash sync socket compatible with both M and X flashbulb types, as well as electronic flash via PC terminal.

As the last East German Exakta 35mm SLR before production declined due to economic and political pressures within the Eastern Bloc, the Varex IIb holds significant historical importance. It marked the end of an era for one of the pioneering brands in 35mm SLR development, which had introduced the world’s first 35mm SLR (the Kine Exakta) in 1936. Despite its advanced features, the Varex IIb struggled to compete with the rising wave of Japanese cameras offering lighter weight, more integrated metering, and lower prices.

Specifications

Specification	Value
Type	35mm Single-Lens Reflex (SLR)
Film Format	35mm (135 film), 24 x 36 mm frame size
Years Produced	1963–1967
Lens Mount	Exakta BX bayonet (48 mm diameter, 48.4 mm flange focal distance)
Shutter	Focal-plane cloth shutter; speeds from 1 sec to 1/1000 sec, plus B (Bulb); flash sync at 1/30 sec
Metering	None (uncoupled); optional external selenium meter (e.g., Exakta Dicomed) or later CdS meter attachments
Exposure Modes	Manual only
Viewfinder	Interchangeable pentaprism or waist-level finder; eye-level prism with central ground glass focusing screen, split-image rangefinder spot
Dimensions	Approx. 145 x 95 x 55 mm; weight approx. 720 g (body only, no lens)

Key Features

Interchangeable Viewfinder System: The pentaprism can be completely removed and replaced with a waist-level finder or other viewfinder options, allowing versatile shooting configurations.
Exakta BX Bayonet Mount: A robust 48 mm bayonet mount supporting a wide range of high-quality East German lenses (e.g., Carl Zeiss Jena, Meyer-Optik, Schneider-Kreuznach).
High-Speed Focal Plane Shutter: Offers shutter speeds from 1 second to 1/1000 second, with precise mechanical control and flash synchronization at 1/30 second.
Modular Design: Accepts numerous accessories including motor drives (Exakta Motor Drive 1), interchangeable backs (rare), and various focusing screens.
Flash Synchronization: Dual PC terminals for X and M flash sync, with automatic switching based on flashbulb type when using appropriate accessories.

Historical Context

The Exakta Varex IIb was launched at a pivotal moment in photographic history. By the early 1960s, Japanese manufacturers such as Nikon (with the F-series), Canon, and Pentax were rapidly gaining global market share with SLRs that integrated through-the-lens (TTL) metering, lighter construction, and aggressive marketing. In contrast, the Varex IIb remained a purely mechanical camera without built-in metering, relying on external light meters—a growing disadvantage in an evolving market.

Despite these challenges, the Varex IIb was technologically impressive. Its precision engineering, modular flexibility, and high build quality reflected the strengths of East German optical industry. It was used by photojournalists and technical photographers in Eastern Europe and exported to Western markets, where it developed a niche following among enthusiasts who appreciated its ruggedness and adaptability. However, the centralized economy of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) limited production scalability and innovation speed, making it difficult to respond to competitive pressures.

Production ceased around 1967, and subsequent Exakta models were either rebadged or significantly downgraded. The Varex IIb thus stands as the last true high-end Exakta SLR from the original East German design lineage.

Collectibility & Value

Today, the Exakta Varex IIb is a sought-after collectible among vintage camera enthusiasts, particularly those interested in mechanical SLRs and Cold War-era optics. Its rarity, especially in fully functional condition with original accessories, contributes to its value. Well-preserved examples with a working shutter, clean viewfinder, and original prism typically sell for $300–$600 USD, with mint-condition units or complete sets commanding higher prices.

When purchasing a Varex IIb, collectors should inspect the shutter for consistency across all speeds, check the mirror movement for smooth operation, and verify that the film advance and rewind mechanisms function correctly. Common issues include stiff or sticky shutter curtains, light seals degradation (causing light leaks), and worn leatherette. The camera does not require batteries for operation, but any attached external meter (e.g., Dicomed) may need selenium or mercury battery replacements, which are now obsolete and require adaptation.

Due to its mechanical complexity and age, servicing should be performed by specialists familiar with Exakta’s unique mechanisms. Replacement parts are scarce, though the camera’s robust construction means many units remain functional after proper CLA (clean, lubricate, adjust).

Similar Cameras

Nikon F (1959) – Professional-grade SLR with interchangeable viewfinders and lens system; direct competitor in modularity and durability.
Pentax Spotmatic (1964) – Introduced TTL metering; represented the next generation of user-friendly SLRs.
Canon FT (1966) – Featured interchangeable viewfinders and a focal-plane shutter, though with built-in metering.
Praktina FX (1952–1960) – Another German SLR with interchangeable backs and viewfinders, though less refined than the Varex IIb.
Topcon RE Super (1963) – Japanese SLR with advanced viewfinder and metering options, competing in the professional segment.

Repair & Maintenance

The Exakta Varex IIb requires no batteries for basic operation, making it fully mechanical and reliable in field conditions. However, common maintenance issues include deteriorated light seals (which should be replaced to prevent light leaks), stiff shutter blades (especially at slower speeds), and worn foam around the mirror box. The cloth focal-plane shutter is sensitive to humidity and improper storage, so long-term preservation requires climate control.

Repairing the shutter or mirror mechanism demands expertise due to the camera’s intricate design. Replacing the shutter curtain or adjusting the sync timing is not recommended for beginners. Lubrication of the film advance and rewind gears is essential to prevent jamming. Original Exakta service manuals exist but are rare; third-party repair guides and enthusiast forums are valuable resources. Given the scarcity of parts, preventive maintenance and gentle use are key to preserving functionality.