EXAKTA VAREX

Name: Exakta Varex
Brand: Exakta

The Exakta Varex, introduced in 1950, was a groundbreaking 35mm single-lens reflex (SLR) camera that established new standards in system camera design. It was among the first 35mm SLRs to offer an interchangeable viewfinder system, though not the absolute first, marking a pivotal moment in the evolution of professional photographic equipment.

Overview

The Exakta Varex was developed by Ihagee Kamerawerk of Dresden, East Germany, during a period of intense innovation in camera design following World War II. It succeeded the earlier Exakta VX and was engineered to meet the demands of professional photographers and advanced amateurs seeking greater flexibility in composition and focusing. The Varex was marketed as a modular system camera, emphasizing its ability to adapt to a wide range of photographic applications through interchangeable components, particularly viewfinders and focusing screens.

This model represented a significant advancement in SLR ergonomics and functionality. It featured a redesigned body with a more balanced grip, improved film advance mechanism, and a sophisticated viewfinder interchange system that allowed users to switch between eye-level pentaprism, waist-level, and sports finders. The Varex also introduced a flash synchronization system with X and M contacts, a novelty at the time, and supported both focal-plane and leaf shutter lenses via its unique bayonet mount.

Within Exakta’s product lineup, the Varex occupied the flagship position, bridging the gap between amateur and professional use. It was followed by the Varex IIa; the VX2 was a separate model line and not a direct successor, which refined its design. The Varex laid the foundation for Exakta’s reputation as a pioneer in SLR system design, influencing later models from both German and Japanese manufacturers.

Specifications

Specification	Value
Type	Single-Lens Reflex (SLR)
Film Format	35mm (135 film)
Years Produced	1950–1957
Lens Mount	Exakta Bayonet (44mm diameter, three-lug)
Shutter	Focal-plane cloth shutter, speeds from 1 sec to 1/1000 sec + B
Metering	None (uncoupled accessory meter required)
Exposure Modes	Manual only (shutter speed and aperture set on lens)
Viewfinder	Interchangeable: waist-level, pentaprism, or sports finder
Dimensions	145 × 95 × 60 mm; ~650 g (body only)

Key Features

Interchangeable Viewfinder System: The Varex was the first 35mm SLR to offer fully interchangeable viewfinders, including a right-angle pentaprism (rare at the time), waist-level hood, and sports finder for action photography.
Exakta Bayonet Mount: A 44mm three-lug bayonet mount that enabled rapid lens changes and supported a wide range of lenses from 15mm to 1000mm, including Zeiss, Schacht, and Meyer-Optik designs.
High-Speed Focal-Plane Shutter: Offered shutter speeds up to 1/1000 sec, among the fastest available in the early 1950s, with precise cloth curtains and dual vertical travel.
Flash Synchronization with X/M Contacts: Featured a PC sync socket with selector for X (electronic flash) and M (medium-peak) sync, allowing compatibility with both flashbulbs and early electronic flashes.
Interchangeable Focusing Screens:

Historical Context

The Exakta Varex was launched at a time when 35mm SLRs were still considered experimental by many professionals. Most photographers relied on rangefinders or medium format systems, and SLRs were largely associated withbulky designs and limited lens compatibility. The Varex challenged this perception by offering a compact, modular system that combined precision engineering with user adaptability. Its release coincided with the early stages of the Cold War, which complicated the export of East German products, yet the Varex gained international acclaim, particularly in the United States and Western Europe.

Competitors at the time included the Alpa-Reflex (Swiss) and the Japanese-made Asahiflex, but neither offered the same level of system integration. The Varex’s interchangeable finder system predated similar features in the Nikon F (1959) by nearly a decade, underscoring Exakta’s pioneering role. While the camera was praised for its innovation, its East German origin led to supply inconsistencies and skepticism in some markets. Nevertheless, it earned a loyal following among photojournalists and scientific photographers who valued its versatility and rugged construction.

Collectibility & Value

Today, the Exakta Varex is a sought-after collectible, particularly among vintage camera enthusiasts and SLR historians. Well-preserved examples in working condition typically sell for $400–$800, with rare configurations—such as those with the original pentaprism finder or factory leather—commanding higher prices. The pentaprism finder, introduced in 1952, is especially prized due to its early adoption of eye-level SLR viewing in 35mm format.

When purchasing a Varex, collectors should inspect the shutter for consistency across all speeds, as the cloth curtains are prone to sticking or tearing after decades of inactivity. The film advance mechanism and rewind crank should operate smoothly, and the mirror return spring should be checked for weakness. Common issues include light leaks from deteriorated seals, worn leatherette, and oxidation on electrical contacts for flash sync. Because the camera lacks a light meter, functionality is largely mechanical, making it repairable by specialists familiar with vintage Exakta systems. However, replacement parts are scarce, and expertise is limited, so original, unmodified examples are preferred.

Similar Cameras

Kine Exakta (1936) – The world’s first 35mm SLR, also by Ihagee, but lacked interchangeable finders.
Alpa-Reflex C (1949) – Swiss precision camera with interchangeable lenses and modular design, but fixed viewfinder.
Asahiflex I (1952) – Japan’s first 35mm SLR, simpler and less refined than the Varex.
Rectaflex A.1000 (1951) – Italian SLR with 1/1000 sec shutter, but limited lens selection.
Nikon F (1959) – Later professional SLR that adopted and expanded on the Varex’s system concept.

Repair & Maintenance

The Exakta Varex requires no batteries, as all functions are mechanical. However, long-term storage can lead to lubricant hardening, particularly in the shutter mechanism and mirror box. Common problems include sticky shutter speeds (especially 1/500 and 1/1000 sec), inconsistent mirror return, and film counter misalignment. The bayonet mount can become stiff or misaligned if lenses are forced, so gentle handling is essential. Regular CLA (Clean, Lubricate, Adjust) by a technician experienced with vintage German SLRs is recommended for active use. Replacement foam light seals should be installed to prevent light leaks. Due to the camera’s age and mechanical complexity, repairs are moderately difficult and should not be attempted without proper tools and documentation.