ESS TEMPEST-LS-2: The Pinnacle of Electrostatic Clarity

In the mid-1980s, audiophiles were starting to demand more transparency, speed and detail from their loudspeakers. The ESS TEMPEST-LS-2 was ESS's answer. Electro-Static Systems (ESS) was founded by the engineer Dr. Alan E. Hill, and the TEMPEST-LS-2 was an electrostatic design built to push sonic accuracy as far as it could go.

ESS is best known for its CL-3 and CL-5 models. The TEMPEST-LS-2 sits in a niche of its own, as a more accessible alternative to the flagship CL series. It kept many of the core design ideas of ESS speakers: planar magnetic drivers, ultra-low distortion, and a transparent midrange that could render the human voice with uncanny realism.

Historical Context: ESS and the Electrostatic Revolution

ESS was founded in the late 1970s with a goal: loudspeakers that reproduce sound with the speed and linearity of studio monitors, in a form suitable for home listening. Dr. Hill's background in aerospace engineering shaped his approach. Precision, materials science and a deep understanding of acoustics were central to every design.

The TEMPEST-LS-2 was introduced in 1985, a golden era for high-end audio. MartinLogan, Quad and Acoustat were also exploring electrostatic and hybrid technologies. ESS combined electrostatic principles with planar magnetic drivers in a push-pull configuration. This hybrid approach gave greater efficiency and dynamic range than pure electrostatics, while keeping the speed and clarity that audiophiles wanted.

The TEMPEST-LS-2 was part of ESS's "Tempest" line, which aimed to deliver near-reference performance at a more attainable price. It was not as large or powerful as the CL-3, but it was still a floor-standing behemoth, designed for serious listening environments.

Technical Specifications

Specification	Detail
Type	Planar magnetic / electrostatic hybrid
Frequency Response	45 Hz – 22 kHz (±3 dB)
Sensitivity	86 dB (2.83V/1m)
Nominal Impedance	4 ohms (compatible with most tube and solid-state amps)
Crossover Frequency	500 Hz (active or passive options)
Driver Configuration	Dual planar magnetic full-range panels with electrostatic tweeter array
Enclosure Type	Open dipole, floor-standing
Recommended Amp Power	50–200 watts per channel
Dimensions (H×W×D)	78" × 24" × 10" (198 cm × 61 cm × 25 cm)
Weight	68 lbs (31 kg) per speaker
Finish Options	Black walnut veneer, rosewood, black ash

The TEMPEST-LS-2 employed a dual-panel design, with each vertical panel housing a conductive wire grid embedded in a thin Mylar diaphragm. This push-pull configuration minimized even-order harmonic distortion and improved bass linearity. Unlike traditional cone drivers, the entire radiating surface moves uniformly, resulting in near-perfect pistonic behavior.

A separate electrostatic tweeter array was mounted centrally between the two main panels, handling frequencies above 5 kHz. This hybrid approach allowed ESS to overcome the efficiency limitations of full-range electrostatics while preserving their legendary transient response.

Sound Characteristics and Performance

The sound of the ESS TEMPEST-LS-2 is best described as effortless, transparent, and emotionally engaging. Listeners often report a "disappearing act." The speakers seem to vanish, leaving a vast, three-dimensional soundstage suspended in air.

Midrange Clarity: The human voice is rendered with stunning realism. Whether it’s a jazz vocalist or a classical tenor, the TEMPEST-LS-2 captures micro-dynamics and timbral nuances that lesser speakers gloss over.
Treble Extension: The electrostatic tweeter delivers air and sparkle without harshness. Cymbals shimmer naturally, and high-frequency detail is revealed without fatigue.
Bass Performance: While not a subwoofer replacement, the LS-2 produces tight, articulate bass down to 45 Hz. In a well-damped room, it can deliver surprising authority, especially when paired with a high-current amplifier.
Imaging and Soundstage: The open-baffle design creates a wide, deep soundstage with precise instrument placement. Orchestral recordings, in particular, benefit from the speaker’s ability to separate layers of sound.

The TEMPEST-LS-2s are dipoles, so placement matters. They typically need to sit several feet from the rear wall to get proper bass reinforcement and avoid phase cancellation. They are also highly sensitive to room acoustics and amplifier choice.

Notable Features and Innovations

Push-Pull Planar Drivers: This design cancels out harmonic distortion and increases efficiency, a hallmark of ESS engineering.
Hybrid Electrostatic Tweeter: Combines the speed of electrostatics with the robustness of planar magnetics.
Modular Crossover: The LS-2 offered both passive and active crossover options, allowing users to bi-amp or tri-amp the system for maximum performance.
Handcrafted Cabinets: Each pair was built in the USA with real wood veneers, reflecting ESS’s commitment to quality and craftsmanship.

Common Issues and Maintenance

Like all vintage electrostatic and planar speakers, the TEMPEST-LS-2 requires some care:

Diaphragm Sag: Over decades, the thin Mylar diaphragms can develop slight sags, especially if stored improperly or exposed to high humidity. This can cause buzzing or reduced output. Re-tensioning or replacement may be necessary.
Grid Corrosion: The fine wire grids can corrode over time, particularly in humid environments. Gentle cleaning with isopropyl alcohol and a soft brush can help, but severe corrosion may require professional repair.
Transformer Failure: The step-up transformers used to drive the panels are robust but can fail if subjected to amplifier clipping or DC offset. Replacement units are still available from specialty audio restorers.
Crossover Components: Capacitors and resistors in the passive crossover may degrade over time. Recapping by a qualified technician is recommended for long-term reliability.

Power the speakers with clean, high-current amplifiers, and keep them away from extreme temperatures and moisture.

Current Market Value and Collectibility

Today, the ESS TEMPEST-LS-2 is a rare and sought-after collector's item. It is not as well known as the CL-3, but vintage audio enthusiasts respect it for its balance of performance and accessibility.

Market Price: Pairs in good working condition typically sell for $1,200 to $2,500, depending on condition, finish, and included accessories (e.g., original manuals, stands, or crossover modules).
Restoration Value: Fully restored units with new diaphragms and recapped crossovers can command premiums, especially if paired with original ESS electronics.
Collectibility: The TEMPEST-LS-2 appeals to audiophiles who appreciate the “fast, clean” sound of 1980s planar speakers. Its hybrid design makes it more versatile than pure electrostatics, broadening its appeal.

Conclusion: A Legacy of Clarity and Innovation

ESS eventually ceased production in the 1990s. Its influence shows up in modern planar magnetic speakers from companies like Magnepan, MartinLogan, and AMT.

For the discerning collector or audiophile, the TEMPEST-LS-2 offers a rare opportunity: to experience a piece of audio history that still competes with modern high-end speakers in transparency and emotional impact. It may demand attention and care, but for those willing to invest the effort, the reward is a listening experience that is nothing short of electrifying.

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