ESS TEMPEST-LS-2: The Pinnacle of Electrostatic Clarity

In the mid-1980s, when audiophiles were beginning to demand more transparency, speed, and detail from their loudspeakers, the ESS TEMPEST-LS-2 emerged as a bold statement in high-fidelity sound reproduction. Manufactured by Electro-Static Systems (ESS), a company founded by the visionary engineer Dr. Alan E. Hill, the TEMPEST-LS-2 was not just another speaker—it was a meticulously engineered electrostatic marvel designed to push the boundaries of sonic accuracy.

While ESS is perhaps best known for its legendary CL-3 and CL-5 models, the TEMPEST-LS-2 occupies a unique niche in the company’s legacy. Positioned as a more accessible alternative to the flagship CL series, the TEMPEST-LS-2 retained many of the core design philosophies that made ESS speakers so revered: planar magnetic drivers, ultra-low distortion, and a transparent midrange that could render the human voice with uncanny realism.

Historical Context: ESS and the Electrostatic Revolution

ESS was founded in the late 1970s with a mission: to create loudspeakers that could reproduce sound with the speed and linearity of studio monitors, but in a form suitable for home listening. Dr. Hill’s background in aerospace engineering informed his approach—precision, materials science, and a deep understanding of acoustics were central to every design.

The TEMPEST-LS-2, introduced in 1985, arrived during a golden era for high-end audio. Competitors like MartinLogan, Quad, and Acoustat were also exploring electrostatic and hybrid technologies, but ESS stood out by combining electrostatic principles with planar magnetic drivers in a push-pull configuration. This hybrid approach allowed for greater efficiency and dynamic range than pure electrostatics, while maintaining the speed and clarity that audiophiles craved.

The TEMPEST-LS-2 was part of ESS’s “Tempest” line, which aimed to deliver near-reference performance at a more attainable price point. While not as large or powerful as the CL-3, the LS-2 was still a floor-standing behemoth, designed for serious listening environments.

Technical Specifications

The TEMPEST-LS-2 employed a dual-panel design, with each vertical panel housing a conductive wire grid embedded in a thin Mylar diaphragm. This push-pull configuration minimized even-order harmonic distortion and improved bass linearity. Unlike traditional cone drivers, the entire radiating surface moves uniformly, resulting in near-perfect pistonic behavior.

A separate electrostatic tweeter array was mounted centrally between the two main panels, handling frequencies above 5 kHz. This hybrid approach allowed ESS to overcome the efficiency limitations of full-range electrostatics while preserving their legendary transient response.

Sound Characteristics and Performance

The sonic signature of the ESS TEMPEST-LS-2 is best described as effortless, transparent, and emotionally engaging. Listeners often report a “disappearing act”—the speakers seem to vanish, leaving only a vast, three-dimensional soundstage suspended in air.

• Midrange Clarity: The human voice is rendered with stunning realism. Whether it’s a jazz vocalist or a classical tenor, the TEMPEST-LS-2 captures micro-dynamics and timbral nuances that lesser speakers gloss over.
• Treble Extension: The electrostatic tweeter delivers air and sparkle without harshness. Cymbals shimmer naturally, and high-frequency detail is revealed without fatigue.
• Bass Performance: While not a subwoofer replacement, the LS-2 produces tight, articulate bass down to 45 Hz. In a well-damped room, it can deliver surprising authority, especially when paired with a high-current amplifier.
• Imaging and Soundstage: The open-baffle design creates a wide, deep soundstage with precise instrument placement. Orchestral recordings, in particular, benefit from the speaker’s ability to separate layers of sound.

Due to their dipole nature, the TEMPEST-LS-2s require careful placement—typically several feet from the rear wall—to allow for proper bass reinforcement and to avoid phase cancellation. They are also highly sensitive to room acoustics and amplifier synergy.

Notable Features and Innovations

• Push-Pull Planar Drivers: This design cancels out harmonic distortion and increases efficiency, a hallmark of ESS engineering.
• Hybrid Electrostatic Tweeter: Combines the speed of electrostatics with the robustness of planar magnetics.
• Modular Crossover: The LS-2 offered both passive and active crossover options, allowing users to bi-amp or tri-amp the system for maximum performance.
• Handcrafted Cabinets: Each pair was built in the USA with real wood veneers, reflecting ESS’s commitment to quality and craftsmanship.

Common Issues and Maintenance

Like all vintage electrostatic and planar speakers, the TEMPEST-LS-2 requires some care:

• Diaphragm Sag: Over decades, the thin Mylar diaphragms can develop slight sags, especially if stored improperly or exposed to high humidity. This can cause buzzing or reduced output. Re-tensioning or replacement may be necessary.
• Grid Corrosion: The fine wire grids can corrode over time, particularly in humid environments. Gentle cleaning with isopropyl alcohol and a soft brush can help, but severe corrosion may require professional repair.
• Transformer Failure: The step-up transformers used to drive the panels are robust but can fail if subjected to amplifier clipping or DC offset. Replacement units are still available from specialty audio restorers.
• Crossover Components: Capacitors and resistors in the passive crossover may degrade over time. Recapping by a qualified technician is recommended for long-term reliability.

Owners are advised to power the speakers with clean, high-current amplifiers and to avoid prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures or moisture.

Current Market Value and Collectibility

Today, the ESS TEMPEST-LS-2 is a rare and sought-after collector’s item. While not as iconic as the CL-3, it is highly respected among vintage audio enthusiasts for its balance of performance and accessibility.

• Market Price: Pairs in good working condition typically sell for $1,200 to $2,500, depending on condition, finish, and included accessories (e.g., original manuals, stands, or crossover modules).
• Restoration Value: Fully restored units with new diaphragms and recapped crossovers can command premiums, especially if paired with original ESS electronics.
• Collectibility: The TEMPEST-LS-2 appeals to audiophiles who appreciate the “fast, clean” sound of 1980s planar speakers. Its hybrid design makes it more versatile than pure electrostatics, broadening its appeal.

Conclusion: A Legacy of Clarity and Innovation

The ESS TEMPEST-LS-2 stands as a testament to a bold era in audio engineering—one where innovation was driven by passion, not profit. While ESS eventually ceased production in the 1990s, its influence lives on in modern planar magnetic speakers from companies like Magnepan, MartinLogan, and AMT.

For the discerning collector or audiophile, the TEMPEST-LS-2 offers a rare opportunity: to experience a piece of audio history that still competes with modern high-end speakers in transparency and emotional impact. It may demand attention and care, but for those willing to invest the effort, the reward is a listening experience that is nothing short of electrifying.

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